What's the Difference Between Alzheimer's & Dementia?

While the two are related, there are some differences. According to extensive studies, dementia is a brain disorder that affects communication and performance of daily activities and Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia that specifically affects parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language.  

What Is Dementia?

Dementia is an umbrella term for a set of symptoms which include impaired thinking and memory and it is often associated with the cognitive decline of ageing. Other common causes of dementia are Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Even infections such as HIV can trigger dementia, along with vascular diseases and stroke.  

As dementia progresses, it can have a devastating impact on the ability to function independently. According to The World Health Organisation (WHO), there are 35.6 million people around the world living with dementia.  

Early symptoms of dementia can be mild and often begins with simple forgetfulness. As dementia progresses, it can be harder to recall names and faces. Obvious signs of dementia include repetitious questioning, inadequate hygiene and poor decision-making.  

In the most advanced stages, people living with dementia are unable to care for themselves. Time, places and people become more confusing and behaviour changes can turn into depression and aggression.  

What Is Alzheimer's Disease? 

Alzheimer's disease is a common cause of dementia, causing as many as 50% - 70% of all diagnosed dementia cases. Alzheimer's is a very specific form of dementia and symptoms include impaired thought, impaired speech and confusion.  

The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is unknown and there is no cure. Alzhemier's symptoms generally begin after the age of 60, however younger people do also suffer from the disease.  

How Are They Different?

Alzheimer's is not a reversible disease. It is degenerative and currently, there is no cure. Some forms of dementia, such as a drug interaction or a vitamin deficiency, are treatable and in some cases, even temporary. Once a cause of dementia in a person is found, appropriate treatment and counselling can begin. However, until a proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is made, the best approach to any dementia is engagement, communication and loving care.  

To families and loved ones dealing with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, the differences between the two are clear. However, more needs to be done to raise more public awareness in the differences between the two. Further understanding of what exactly causes Alzheimer's disease will help to clear any confusion and lead to better treatment plans and ultimately, a cure.